Ancient Indian History

SOURCES OF THE ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY

Sources of the ancient Indian History

Memory – sign 1.    Introduction- 2.    Classification of literary means A.   Religious literature      (a) Brahmin scripture ,         (b) Upanishads and Brahmins ,      (c) Formula – Literature ,      (d) Epics ,        (e) Puranas ,      (f) Memories ,      (g) Buddhist – Literature ,      (h) Jain – Literature Note:- Read about the main points of religious literature in our next post.

B.   Historical and contemporary literature C.   Details of foreign writers and travelers 1.    Former Greek writers of Sikandar 2.    Contemporary writers of Sikandar 3.    Writer after Alexander 4.    Chinese writer Importance of archeology 5.    Tibbet Writer 6.    Muslim writers

"We know that the history of Indians - are not intellectual and they are not composed of historical texts, but those who have inadvertently written whatever they have given us as ancestral is the biggest instrument of history and on the basis of that we Can create your glorious history.”

Introduction:-

The British scholar Laval has clearly said that in the Hindu period, we can not elaborate in detail the events of history till that time unless India came in contact with other nations.

Elphinstone, the date of an important incident can not be determined before the invasion of Sikandar of Indian history. "The English says that 'History in ancient Bharatiyas - there was a complete lack of wisdom, so he did not compose any history text.' But in the seventh century the Chinese traveler Huansang said that in every province of India there were such political officers who used to write a description of all the important events of good bad events.

According to Kalhan, the same poetry is worthy of praise, which rises above anger and uses its own language in the only form of representation.

Even then, it has to be said that Indians, despite having an interest in history, did not compose any such a history text that can be said to be useful in modern terms.

Dr. Winternitz has written that 'Indian system also did not establish a clear distinction between history and fulfillment and popularity. Therefore, history-book-writing in India can never be more than a branch of epic composition. '

This is what Alrubani has also written, 'Hindus do not pay much attention to the historical sequence of events. According to the chronological order of events, they show great disrespect. When they are urged to give their information and they become unsteady, they often start narrating stories.

Therefore, we can say that even though Indians have no history - they are not intellectually and they have not composed historical texts but, inadvertently, whatever they have written in their form as ancestral, is a great instrument of history and Based on that, we can compose our glorious history.

Classification of literary means:

The tools of ancient Indian history can be divided into four parts-

• Religious literature
• Historical and contemporary literature
• Details of foreign writers and travelers
• Archeology

Religious literature:

The vision of Indian mystics has always been spiritual. Hence the religious element was dominant in his writings. There is also a very important place of religious texts as a means of history.

Main points of religious literature:- 
(a) Brahmin scripture, (b) Upanishads and Brahmins, (c) Formula – Literature, (d) Epics, (e) Puranas, (f) Memories, (g) Buddhist – Literature, (h) Jain – Literature
↗

Note:- Read about the main points of religious literature in our next post. Click here...

Historical and contemporary literature:

In addition to religious texts, such texts were also composed, whose subjects were religious. Through these texts, wisdom is gained in relation to every state of ancient India (political, social, economic, religious conditions). From this, it helps in determining the outline of cultural history as well as on political history. These include the following books:

Economics of Kautilya--  This text was composed by Kautilya in the 4th century BC. In this book, there is a complete depiction of the then India. But to what extent the system mentioned in it was practical; Can not be said.

• Gargi Sanhita -- This text was composed in the first century AD. It has a detailed description of the invasion of yawns.
• Malvikagnimitram(In Sanskrit book)--This text was composed by Kalidas. It describes the battle of the Pushpitra Yavan war.
• Mudrarakshash(A the famous drama of Visakhdutt Sanskrit)- The creators are Visakhadatta. There is enough light on Chandragupta and Nandvans.
• Harshacharitra-- Banabhatta composed it in the seventh century. This book highlights the life of Harsha and on different conditions of joyful India.
• Kamandakiya Nitishastra(Ethics)-- Kamandak composed it around 700-800 AD. This book highlights enough light on current ethics and behavior.
• Barhaspatya Arthshastra-Economic (बार्हस्पत्य अर्थशास्त्र)-- Like Kautilya, Brihastati “वृहस्तति” also composed economics. It will have been composed of 900 to 1000. It has good light on political duties.
• Rajtarangini ( राजतरंगिनी )- This text was composed by Kalan in the twelfth century. There is ample light in this book regarding Kashmir. Along with Kashmir, along with other place's history, this book also gives light.
• Gaudvaho ( गौड़वहो )- This text was composed by Vakpatiraj in the Prakrit language. This is the description of Digvijay of Kannauj Naresh' Yasho Sharma'.
• Navasahasankacharitra (नवसाहसांकचरित्र)- This book highlights the Parmar dynasty. It was composed by Parimal Gupta.
• Vikramankadev (विक्रमांकदेव)- This book is useful for the dissemination by dissolution and knowledge of the Chalukya dynasty.
• Prithviraj Raso (पृथवीराज रासो)- This text was composed by Chandvardai. With respect to Prithviraj Chauhan, there is enough information.

Other text (अन्य ग्रन्थ)- 

In addition to the above texts, there are some other texts that help in getting the information on ancient history. These include “Hemchandra's Kumar – Charit(हेमचन्द्र का कुमार – चरित), Ramcharit of Sandhyakarnadi(संध्याकरनन्दी का रामचरित), Jagnik -Rachit Prithviraj Vijay(जगनिक – रचित पृथ्वीराज विजय), Anand Bhatt Rachit ballalacharit(आनन्द भट्ट रचित बल्लालचरित)” etc. In these texts, Kapolkalpana has given importance so much that it is difficult to find historical realities.

 Details of foreign writers and travelers:-

India's fame has been higher in ancient times since ancient times. From time to time many foreigners came here. He has written books and his experiences on the basis of the legends or his spiritual experiences, many of them have lost books. Yet it is possible to use it from a comparative study.

Former Greek writers of Sikandar:-

• Skylax(स्काइलैक्स)- This Persian king(परसीक नरेश) was a soldier of 'Dara'. Evidence of Herodotus indicates that it was sent to India with the goal of acquiring knowledge in relation to the Sindhu region.
• Hiketias(हिकेटियस) - Its time of arrival to India was 549-496 BC, its geography was based on details of skylax(स्काइलैक्स) itself.
• Herodotus (हेरोडोटस) - Its period was 484 - 431 A.D. It has been considered as the creator of history. It is a book or 'historical'. In this book, the authors have written the details of many countries. Fortunately, it has also been mentioned in the subject of India.
• Cassius(केसियस) - This Parsik king(परसीक नरेश) was residing in the capital of Zarzira. This was the king doctor(राजवैद्य). Its time was 416 - 398 BC. He was a knower of medicine and was also interested in topics such as history. That is why it wrote the history of both Iran and India. Its book was known as 'Indica and Parsik.

Contemporary writers of Sikandar:-

When Alexander(सिकन्दर) came to India to attack India, he also brought some authors along with him. The path of his coming etc. was mentioned by these authors. The texts of these authors were erased with time and only the examples in their names are available in the articles of Parsik writers such as Strabo, Pliny, and Arian.

• Niorkas(निऑर्कस) - This writer was the Admiral of Fleet. An example of its articles is found in Strabo and Arrian's articles.
• Aristobulus(एरिस्टोब्युलस) - This writer had written the experience he had gained during the war period. This description was written in the book 'History of War'. Arian and Plutarch took great support from its book in their description.
• One Secrets(ओने सिक्रिटस)- This author was a pilot of the ship's fleet. The biography of Alexander(सिकन्दर) written by it is important.

Writer after Alexander:- 

The post-Alexander(सिकन्दर) authors composed history with the help of texts of earlier     writers and their experiences.

• Megasthenes(मेगस्थनीज) - It was the ambassador of the emperor and Chandragupta was in the Rajya Sabha of Maurya. In relation to India's year, its details are very important due to being based on direct experiences. On India Year, it composed 'Indica Granth'.
• Dimecus(डिमेकस) - Greek emperor sent his ambassador Dimecus to Bindusara's meeting. He also wrote a description of his experiences, unfortunately, he is no longer received. Strabo has given examples of Dimecus at two places - in one of its descriptions and articles.
• Strabo(स्ट्रैबो) - He was a well-known writer in the first century AD. It has traveled extensively throughout the country and abroad in the first century of his life. It has written one place in relation to Megasthenes and Dimecus that "these two writers  were liars, their articles are incredibly unbelievable.”Strabo's Grant Geography holds special significance in the study of history. In its geography, socio-economic, religious, political and other states have been mentioned in addition to the biographical states. Several important points have been mentioned in relation to India.
• Plini, The Alder(प्लिनी, दि एल्डर) - The great text written by it is a ‘Natural history’ which came to light in 77 E. This book is based entirely on the book Indica composed by Megasthenes.
• Arrian(एरियन) - Arrian wrote two texts in the second a century of Christ - the first is Indica and the second invasion of Alexander(सिकन्दर). This volume is based on the details of the contemporary authors of Alexander and the details of Megasthenes.
• Dionysius(डायोनीसिअस) - This Maurya King came in the Rajya Sabha as the Greek ambassador in Bindusara.

Other authors:

In addition to these Greek writers, Patroclies(पेट्रोक्लीज) (281 - 261 BC), Greek King Seleucus(सेल्यूकस) and Andiocus(ऐण्डिआकस) was an officer of some eastern province. It wrote a book titled 'Geography of Eastern countries'. Strabo(स्ट्रैबो) had praised its articles, around 144 A.D. earlier, Malikias(मालीकिअस) also wrote a history which is not received. A Greek traveler from 100 BC East created a book called 'Periplus'. In the 2nd century, a Greek writer named Arian wrote two texts. There are many things written on the history of India and the fauna here. Roman writer Talami(टालमी) - it was the famous scholar of the second century AD; The written text is 'Geography'. The map of India that has been 
presented here is considered as unclean.

Sources of the ancient Indian History

Chinese writer:-

From time to time, Chinese travelers have also been coming here to gain knowledge of Indian religion and culture. Some of these were adherent of Buddhism Therefore, it was necessary for them to see places related to Buddha. There are some Chinese writers who have not come to India but they have written very well about India, which is very helpful in making history.

• Subhachiyen(सुभाचियेन) - It was a famous historian. In the first century AD, it was written a history text, which is also mentioned in India.
• Phahyan(फाहयान) - This Chinese traveler came to India during the time of Chandragupta (399 AD). It has been in India for 15 - 16 years to study Buddhism. Since Phahyan was a very religious person, therefore, he has done a very good explanation of places related to Buddhism and Buddha God.
• Hvensang(ह्वेनसांग) - This Buddhist Chinese traveler came to India in about 629 AD in Harsh times. It remained in India for about 13 years. Except for South India, it had many tours in various parts of the country. He went to the court of each king and for a long time he stayed in Harsh's Rajya Sabha and whatever he had seen here, he described it very interesting.
• Wooly(वूली) - It was a friend of Hvensang. It has written the biography of his friend in an exciting way. Some of the biographies in this biography are also written in connection with India.

Importance of archeology:-

1. Iseega(इसिगा) - This the passenger came to India around 613 - 695 AD. This has also described India.
2. Tibet Writer(तिब्बती लेखक) - Tibbati writer Lama Tarananath wrote a book in the twelfth century. His books 'Kanpur'(कंग्पुर) and 'Tangpur'(तंग्पुर) are famous.
3. Muslim writers(मुसलमान लेखक) - Some Muslim writers have also highlighted ancient history in India. In 1030 AD Albruny wrote his book 'Tahkike Hind'. After this, the compositions of historians - Suleiman, Almasududi, Hasananjamy Parijasta, and Nizamuddin, etc. are very important. Its compositions include Indian political, socially; Knowledge of religious and cultural and economic conditions, as well as the ordering of the dates,  is also obtained.

Friends, 

    how did you like the post, I hope you all liked it. If you want to comment and make your suggestions, then you can give it and subscribe to our website through your email so that our new posts can be found in your email.